CRJ405 Advanced Seminar in Criminal Justice Literature Review, Unit 6 Synthesize and Evaluate
Jackie Phillips
Criminology: Post University
Dr. Lyndon Godsall
Due: 11:59 pm Sunday of Unit 6
A Literature Review is an integral part of your final project. You will be using the four (4) peer review articles that you researched and summarized for Unit 4 plus additional resources as needed. Write a literature review highlighting the important trends, thresholds (tolerances), and research appropriate for your initiative. Collect data and provide a descriptive analysis of that data, which supports the need for the initiative. This literature review should include:
1 to 2 paragraphs overview of your topic:
My topic is:
How has the passage of the Three Strikes Law in 1994, the moratorium of the Death Penalty in 2019 and the Conversion of California prisons into Rehabilitation Centers in 2005 changed prisons in California? How have the Corrections and Rehabilitation budgets changed in 20 Years to adjust to all these changes?
Introduction:
Though it appears on the outside that each topic is individual, when you step back and view the whole prison system history in California, which does include the infamous Alcatraz, going back to Spanish time of 1775, it is quite unique that all these changes are all occurring in under a 20-year timeframe. The primary changes California’s prisons have had in their history, up until recently, is that more and more and more prisons were built to accommodate the growing population. More prisons were built in remote and distant locations because all the locations in the urban areas were already full.
On the outside I am happy to see these changes, but I am worried that it is too much too fast, and I am concerned that certain groups of people in the state won’t be open to the change. For my third question, I think that in order for these changes to be most effective, they have to be properly paid for and budgeted, which I think is probably going to be the biggest and most difficult step along the way. I do think that starting these steps is the best, and I hope that all the changes that will occur will be properly supported and acknowledged.
In one to two paragraphs explain how each article is similar to and how each varies from the other articles.
The articles and the focus of the state seem to shift between the needs of the prisoners and the needs of the buildings and the needs of the state budgets, all of which are affected by all these changes.
The first article:
Three Strikes Turns 30 in California and stories from prisoners:
Sawyer, K., 2023, Prison Journalism Project, Stories of Freedom and Denial as Three Strikes Turns 30 in California
This article has stories from inmates and how their lives are affected by the Three Strikes Law.
At the same time, the third article:
How has the Moratorium of the Death Penalty in California affected the prisons?
Kendrick, P. 2024, Corrections 1, California County Opposes the Transfer of San Quentin Death Row Inmates,
This article also focuses on what will happen to the death penalty inmates when they are transferred out of San Quentin after the prison was turned into a rehabilitation center.
The second and fourth articles:
They only focus on what will happen to the buildings and the extended and altered budget with all the changes.
San Quentin prison transforms into rehabilitation center after Moratorium on Death Penalty
Halpert, M, 2024, BBC, San Quentin begins prison reform - but not for those on death row
How have the Corrections and Rehabilitation budgets changed in 20 Years to adjust to all these changes?
O’Neil, Caitlin, 2020, Legislative Analyst Office, State Correctional Spending Increased Despite Significant Population Reductions,
Your conclusion should discuss how as a whole your research supports your proposal and the topic as a whole.
The research I have found on this topic is ongoing and constantly changing since I have also seen articles that the Moratorium on the Death Penalty is a personal choice of Governor Newsom, and when he leaves office after this second term, people have discussed removing the moratorium.
Also, the rehabilitation of San Quentin is apparently running into the billions of dollars, way beyond the initial projections. There may be changes there, and then that will affect the fourth topic of how the budget of prisons is being affected by all these changes.
Some of these changes may be brought to voters to make decisions and there is also the chance of other changes when Governor Newsom, a fourth generation San Franciscan, leaves office after his second term in 2026.
Resources:
Halpert, M, 2024, BBC, San Quentin begins prison reform - but not for those on death row, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68558967
Kendrick, P. 2024, Corrections 1, California County Opposes the Transfer of San Quentin Death Row Inmates, https://www.corrections1.com/jail-management/calif-county-opposes-transfer-of-san-quentin-death-row-inmates
O’Neil, Caitlin, 2020, Legislative Analyst Office, State Correctional Spending Increased Despite Significant Population Reductions, https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4145#:~:text=44%20percent).-,Despite%20Population%20Reduction%2C%20CDCR%20Spending%20Increased,of%20more%20than%20one%20factor.
Sawyer, K., 2023, Prison Journalism Project, Stories of Freedom and Denial as Three Strikes Turns 30 in California, https://prisonjournalismproject.org/2023/08/16/three-strikes-law-approaches-30th-anniversary/?gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=20080253884&gbraid=0AAAAAo-SeB4OlcDSZy_BTD3kYb9HixCTN&gclid=Cj0KCQjwoP_FBhDFARIsANPG24NehnRgQUrNnDOd6BLLjkToBVlOQGnAVDhyHHQcwyj3e6tbMfs3PF0aApqtEALw_wcB
Zhu, Y., 2024, Beyond the Bars: A Transformative Prison Environment for Sociopathic Inmates, https://issuu.com/yuying.zhu/docs/final_thesis_book_yuying_zhu_issuu
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